MORINGA IN TAMIL NADU

MORINGA IN TAMIL NADU

Tamil Nadu is a pioneering state which has so much varied genotypes from diversified geographical areas. Tamil Nadu is one of the major producing places for Moringa because of its unique flavor and aroma and has one of the largest producers of moringa with an annual production of 3.6 lakh tonnes of tender fruits from an area of 7343 ha.


Tamil Nadu, according to the first exclusive Agriculture budget, has identified 7 key moringa zones which are, Tuticorin, Dindigul, Theni, Karur, Erode, Ariyalur, and Madurai. It was said that Tamil Nadu is set to generate Rs 50,000 crore income in five years, with Theni, Madurai, Dindigul, Thoothukudi, Ariyalur, Tiruppur, and Karur being declared as'Moringa Export Zones.'

"To increase the opportunities for Moringa export, a 'Special Export Facilitation Center' will be established at Madurai at an initial cost of Rs. 1 crore” according to the first exclusive Tamil Nadu Agriculture budget.

A bureaucrat-turned-moringa farmer/exporter M Natchimuthu (55), hailed the announcement terming it as "a perfectly timed move". "By declaring moringa export zones, the state is set to generate '50,000 crore income through the foreign exchange in five years," asserted Natchimuthu, who is engaged in moringa farming and export for over four years. It can be achieved by increasing the moringa cultivation in Tamil Nadu from 30,000 acres to 50,000 acres of land.

In a hand-holding gesture for moringa farmers, the move will help form a framework for guidelines and strategies to be adopted for cultivation, value addition, and marketing techniques to meet the export standards. As a step towards capacity-building, moringa clusters could be formed in the export zones, with each cluster specializing in one value-added moringa product, the move would form a framework on guidelines and strategies to be adopted for cultivation, value addition, and marketing techniques to meet the export standards.

With an airport present at Madurai, the special facilitation center would pave way for more economic activities in the district, turning it into an international business-to-business hub for moringa, said Natchimuthu.

The president of the Agrofood Chamber of Commerce and Industry S Rethinavelu said, "The cash crop can be made into more than 30 value-added products. Local farmers are unaware of the worldwide demand for moringa. Setting up export zones would educate them about the presence of an international market for their produce. As the state has also announced about encouraging students to take up agricultural entrepreneurship, moringa export business would serve as a feasible and more profitable option for the educated youth, who could easily become successful agricultural entrepreneurs."

Natchimuthu shared, "Tamil Nadu accounts for 24% of world moringa production, widely cultivated in Theni, Dindigul and Tiruppur districts and the state is home to six out of the 13 popular moringa varieties in the world.

Diverse varieties and cultivars types of moringa are found in specific parts of India. Among the released varieties and local types, only PKM 1 and PKM 2 have the most popular and better export preference.

The Horticulture Research Institution of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) in southern India created them. Because of their wide adaptability to various soils and suitability for areas with shorter growing seasons and colder climates, these varieties revolutionized the food production industry in India, rapidly replacing 60 percent of the old long-lived (perennial) moringa species in the southern states of India.

PKM1 


PKM1 is an early variety with a bushy form and medium to a dwarf size that grows to a height of 4 m in the first year after planting and regrows quickly after cropping. The leaves are broad and dark green on the top and pale green on the bottom. This variety is ideal for high-intensity cultivation of leaves and may be the most widely planted variety for large-scale plantation drumstick production. Flowers can be produced within 3-4 months of sowing, and the first pods can be harvested in as little as 6-7 months. Despite the fact that the flowers are in clusters of 25–150, only one pod, rarely two or four, develops. The pods reach edible size 65 days after flowering, are 45 – 75 cm long, uniform in length and color, tender even when harvested late, and tasty. Their flexible shape reduces breakage and gives them a longer shelf life. Each tree yields 200-400 pods. They can produce 50-54 tonnes of pods per hectare and 1 tonne of seed.

PKM2


PKM2 outperforms PKM-1 in terms of lateral branching, which is desirable for producing more leaves at a lower height for ease of harvesting and pods with more flesh than seeds. It produces an average of 240 fruits per tree and has a yield of 98 tonnes per acre. The pods are long, about 125-130 cm long, with a girth of 8.40 cm and an average weight of 280 g, and can be harvested in 7-8 months after planting. They are fleshy (70 percent flesh), low in fiber, and have a good cooking quality. Each tree produces approximately 220 pods and has an average pod yield of 98 tonnes per hectare, with seeds weighing less than one tonne.PKM2 is suitable for growing in a variety of cropping systems, can be grown as a ratoon crop for three years, and grows in most soil types with adequate




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